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Mupfungwa yakafara, manzwisisiro edu egirazi faibha yagara iri yekuti inorganic isiri-metallic material, asi nekudzika kwetsvagiridzo, tinoziva kuti kune marudzi akawanda emagirazi fibers, uye ane mashandiro akanaka, uye ipapo. akawanda akatanhamara The zvakanakira. Semuenzaniso, simba rayo remagetsi rinonyanya kukwirira, uye kupisa kwayo kwekudzivirira uye kusagadzikana kwekuora kunonyanya kunaka. Ichokwadi kuti hapana chinhu chakakwana, uye girasi fiber inewo zvikanganiso zvayo zvisingagoni kuregererwa, kureva kuti, haigoni kupfeka uye inowanzoita brittleness. Naizvozvo, mukushandisa kunoshanda, tinofanira kushandisa masimba edu ndokudzivisa utera hwedu.

Izvo zvigadzirwa zvegirazi fiber zviri nyore kuwana, kunyanya zvakaraswa girazi rekare kana zvigadzirwa zvegirazi. Iyo girazi faibha yakanaka kwazvo, uye anopfuura makumi maviri egirazi monofilaments pamwe chete akaenzana nekukora kwebvudzi. Girazi fiber inogona kazhinji kushandiswa sechinhu chinosimbisa mune zvakaumbwa zvinhu. Nekuda kwekudzika kwegirazi fiber tsvagiridzo mumakore achangopfuura, inoita basa rinowedzera kukosha mukugadzirwa kwedu uye hupenyu. Zvinyorwa zvishoma zvinotevera zvinonyanya kutsanangura maitiro ekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwegirazi fiber. Ichi chinyorwa chinosuma zvivakwa, zvakakosha zvikamu, hunhu hukuru, uye kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu zvegirazi fiber. Zvinyorwa zvishoma zvinotevera zvichakurukura maitiro ayo ekugadzira, kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza, Kushandiswa kukuru, kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza, chimiro cheindasitiri uye tarisiro yebudiriro inotsanangurwa.

INhanganyaya

1.1 Girazi faibha zvivakwa

Chimwe chinhu chakanakisa chegirazi fiber isimba rayo repamusoro, rinogona kusvika 6.9g/d mune yakajairwa mamiriro uye 5.8g/d mukunyorova. Zvivakwa zvakanakisa zvakadaro zvinogadzira girazi fiber kazhinji Inogona kushandiswa pasi rose sekusimbisa zvinhu. Iyo ine A density ye2.54. Girazi faibha zvakare inoshingirira kupisa zvakanyanya, uye inochengeta zvimiro zvayo zvenguva dzose pa300°C. Fiberglass zvakare dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sechinhu chekupisa uye chekudzivirira zvinhu, nekuda kwemagetsi ekudzivirira emagetsi uye kusakwanisa kwayo kukora nyore.

1.2 Main ingredients

Kuumbwa kwegirazi fiber inenge yakaoma. Kazhinji, izvo zvakakosha zvinozivikanwa nemunhu wese ndeye silica, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, boron oxide, aluminium oxide, calcium oxide uye zvichingodaro. Iyo dhayamita ye monofilament yegirazi fiber inenge 10 microns, iyo yakaenzana ne1/10 yehupamhi hwebvudzi. Tsanga imwe neimwe yemafibhi inoumbwa nezviuru zvemonofilaments. Maitiro ekudhirowa akasiyana zvishoma. Kazhinji, zviri mukati silica mugirazi fiber accounts ye50% kusvika 65%. Iko kusimba kwesimba regirazi fibers ane aluminium oxide zviri pamusoro pe20% yakakwira, kazhinji yakasimba-yakasimba girazi fibers, nepo aruminiyamu oxide yemukati mealkali-isina girazi fibers kazhinji inenge 15%. Kana iwe uchida kugadzira iyo girazi fiber ine yakakura elastic modulus, iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti zviri mukati magnesium oxide yakakura kupfuura 10%. Nekuda kwegirazi fiber ine hushoma hweferric oxide, kushorwa kwayo kwakagadziridzwa kune madhigirii akasiyana.

1.3 Main Features

1.3.1 Raw materials nemashandisirwo

Kuenzaniswa neinorganic fibers, maitiro egirazi fibers akanyanya kukwirira. Zvakanyanya kuoma kubatidza, zvinodzivirira kupisa, zvinodzivirira kupisa, zvakanyanya kugadzikana, uye zvisingaite. Asi haina brittle uye haina kusakara kupfeka. Inoshandiswa kugadzira mapurasitiki akasimbiswa kana kushandiswa kusimbisa rabha, sechinhu chinosimbisa girazi fiber ine zvinotevera maitiro:

(1) Kusimba kwayo kuri nani pane zvimwe zvinhu, asi kurebesa kwacho kwakadzikira.

(2) Iyo elastic coefficient inonyanya kukodzera.

(3) Mukati meiyo elastic muganho, iyo girazi fiber inogona kureba kwenguva yakareba uye yakanyanya kusimba, saka inogona kutora huwandu hukuru hwesimba pamberi pekukanganisa.

(4) Sezvo girazi faibha iri inorganic fiber, inorganic fiber ine zvakawanda zvakanakira, hazvisi nyore kupisa uye makemikari ayo ane kugadzikana.

(5) Hazvisi nyore kusveta mvura.

(6) Inodzivirira kupisa uye yakagadzikana muzvisikwa, haisi nyore kuita.

(7) Kugadziriswa kwayo kwakanaka kwazvo, uye inogona kugadzirwa kuita zvigadzirwa zvakanakisa mumhando dzakasiyana senge tambo, mafeets, mabundle, uye machira akarukwa.

(8) Inogona kutumira chiedza.

(9) Nokuti zvinhu zvacho zviri nyore kuwana, mutengo wacho haudhuri.

(10) Pakupisa kwepamusoro, panzvimbo yekupisa, inonyunguduka kuita mabhesi emvura.

1.4 Kuronga

Zvinoenderana neakasiyana emhando zviyero, girazi fiber inogona kukamurwa kuita akawanda marudzi. Zvinoenderana neakasiyana maumbirwo uye kureba, inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando nhatu: inoenderera fibers, fiber cotton uye yakatarwa-kureba fibers. Zvinoenderana nezvikamu zvakasiyana, senge alkali yemukati, inogona kupatsanurwa mumhando nhatu: alkali-isina girazi faibha, yepakati-alkali girazi faibha, uye yakakwirira-alkali girazi faibha.

1.5 Kugadzira zvigadzirwa

Mukugadzirwa chaiko kwemaindasitiri, kuti tigadzire girazi fiber, tinoda alumina, jecha requartz, limestone, pyrophyllite, dolomite, soda ash, mirabilite, boric acid, fluorite, pasi girazi fiber, nezvimwe.

1.6 Nzira yekugadzira

Nzira dzekugadzira maindasitiri dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: imwe ndeyekunyungudutsa magirazi faibha kutanga, uyezve kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvegirazi zvakatenderedza kana tsvimbo zvine madhayamita madiki. Zvadaro, inopisa uye yakanyunguduka zvakare nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti iite fiber yakanaka nehupamhi hwe 3-80 μm. Imwe mhando zvakare inonyungudisa girazi kutanga, asi inogadzira magirazi fiber pane tsvimbo kana sphere. Sample yakazodhonzwa neplatinum alloy plate ichishandisa mechanical drawing method. Zvinyorwa zvakabuda zvinonzi continuous fibers. Kana mafiibha akadhonzwa kuburikidza nekurongedzerwa, zvinyorwa zvinobuda zvinonzi discontinuous fibers, inozivikanwawo sekuti cut-to-length glass fibers, uye staple fibers.

1.7 Grading

Zvinoenderana nekuumbwa kwakasiyana, kushandiswa uye zvivakwa zvegirazi fiber, inokamurwa kuita mamakisi akasiyana. Iwo magirazi fibers akatengeswa pasi rose ndeaya anotevera:

1.7.1 E-girazi

Iyo girazi yeborate, iyo inonziwo alkali-isina girazi muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Nekuda kwezvakanakira zvakawanda, ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa, kunyangwe ichishandiswa zvakanyanya, asi inewo zvikanganiso zvisingadzivisiki. Inopindirana nyore nyore neinorganic salts, saka zvakaoma kuchengeta munzvimbo ine acidic.

1.7.2 C-girazi

Mukugadzirwa chaiko, inonzi zvakare yepakati alkali girazi, ine yakagadzikana makemikari zvimiro uye yakanaka acid kuramba. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvokuti simba remagetsi harina kukwirira uye kushanda kwemagetsi kwakashata. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzine mitemo yakasiyana. Muindasitiri yegirazi fiber indasitiri, hapana boron chinhu mune yepakati alkali girazi. Asi mune yekunze girazi fiber indasitiri, izvo zvavanogadzira ipakati alkali girazi rine boron. Kwete chete zvinyorwa zvakasiyana, asiwo basa rinoitwa nepakati-alkali girazi kumba nekune dzimwe nyika zvakare rakasiyana. Iyo girazi fiber pamusoro pemata uye girazi fiber tsvimbo inogadzirwa kunze kwenyika inogadzirwa nepakati alkali girazi. Mukugadzira, yepakati alkali girazi inoshandawo muasphalt. Munyika yangu, chikonzero chechinangwa ndechekuti inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemutengo wayo wakaderera, uye inoshanda kwese kwese muindasitiri yekuputira machira uye sefa machira.

Fiberglass tsvimbo

1.7.3 Girazi faibha A girazi

Mukugadzira, vanhu vanoidana zvakare yakakwirira-alkali girazi, inova yesodium silicate girazi, asi nekuda kwekuramba kwayo kwemvura, haiwanzo kugadzirwa segirazi fiber.

1.7.4 Fiberglass D girazi

Iyo inonzi zvakare dielectric girazi uye kazhinji ndiyo huru mbishi ye dielectric girazi fibers.

1.7.5 Girazi faibha yakakwirira-simba girazi

Simba rayo rakareba 1/4 kupfuura reE-girazi faibha, uye elastic modulus yayo yakakwirira kupfuura yeE-girazi fiber. Pamusana pezvakanakira zvakasiyana-siyana, inofanira kushandiswa zvakanyanya, asi nekuda kwekudhura kwayo, ikozvino Inoshandiswawo mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakosha, dzakadai semabhizimisi ehondo, nzvimbo yemhepo nezvimwe zvakadaro.

1.7.5 Girazi faibha AR girazi

Inonzi zvakare alkali-resistant glass fiber, inova yakachena inorganic fiber uye inoshandiswa sechinhu chinosimbisa mugirazi fiber reinforced concrete. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, inogona kutotsiva simbi uye asbestos.

1.7.6 Girazi faibha E-CR girazi

Iyo yakagadziridzwa boron-isina uye alkali-isina girazi. Nekuda kwekuti kusamira kwayo kwemvura kunosvika kagumi pane kuya kwealkali-isina girazi faibha, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvisingaite mvura. Uyezve, kupikisa kwayo asidhi kwakasimba zvakare, uye inogara pachinzvimbo chepamusoro mukugadzira nekushandiswa kwepombi dzepasi pevhu. Kuwedzera kune mamwe magirazi akajairika ataurwa pamusoro apa, masayendisiti iye zvino akagadzira rudzi rutsva rwegirazi fiber. Nekuti chigadzirwa chisina boron, chinogutsa chishuvo chevanhu chekuchengetedza nharaunda. Mumakore achangopfuura, kune imwe mhando yegirazi fiber inonyanya kufarirwa, inova iyo girazi faibha ine kaviri magirazi ekuumbwa. Mune yazvino zvigadzirwa zvemvere dzegirazi, tinogona kuona kuvepo kwayo.

1.8 Kuzivikanwa kwegirazi fibers

Nzira yekusiyanisa magirazi egirazi inonyanya nyore, ndiko kuti, kuisa magirasi egirazi mumvura, kupisa kusvikira mvura yavira, uye ichengetedze kwemaawa 6-7. Kana iwe ukaona kuti warp uye weft nzira dzegirazi fibers inova shoma compact, yakakwirira alkali girazi fibers. . Zvinoenderana nemayero akasiyana, kune akawanda emhando nzira dzegirazi fibers, ayo anowanzo kupatsanurwa kubva pakuona kwehurefu uye dhayamita, kuumbwa uye kuita.

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