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Mupfungwa yakafara, kunzwisisa kwedu fiber yegirazi kwagara kuri kwekuti chinhu chisina kugadzirwa nesimbi, asi nekuwedzera kwekutsvaga, tinoziva kuti kune mhando dzakawanda dzefiber yegirazi, uye dzinoshanda zvakanaka, uye kune zvakawanda zvakanaka. Semuenzaniso, simba rayo remuchina rakanyanya kukwira, uye kuramba kwayo kupisa uye kuramba kwayo ngura zvakanakawo. Ichokwadi kuti hapana chinhu chakakwana, uye fiber yegirazi inewo zvikanganiso zvayo zvisingagone kufuratirwa, kureva kuti, haibvi pakusakara uye inogona kuputsika. Saka, mukushanda kwayo, tinofanira kushandisa simba redu uye kudzivirira kushaya simba kwedu.

Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa negirazi fiber zviri nyore kuwana, kunyanya zvigadzirwa zvegirazi rekare kana zvegirazi zvakaraswa. Girazi fiber rakanaka kwazvo, uye magirazi monofilaments anopfuura makumi maviri pamwe chete akaenzana nehukobvu hwebvudzi. Girazi fiber rinogona kushandiswa sechinhu chinosimbisa zvinhu zvakagadzirwa. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekutsvaga kwegirazi fiber mumakore achangopfuura, rinoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwedu uye muhupenyu hwedu. Zvinyorwa zvishoma zvinotevera zvinonyanya kutsanangura maitiro ekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwegirazi fiber. Chinyorwa chino chinosuma hunhu, zvikamu zvikuru, hunhu hukuru, uye kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu zvegirazi fiber. Zvinyorwa zvishoma zvinotevera zvichakurukura maitiro ayo ekugadzira, dziviriro yekuchengetedza, Main Use, Dziviriro yekuchengetedza, mamiriro eindasitiri uye tarisiro yekusimudzira zvinotsanangurwa.

Isumo

1.1 Hunhu hwegirazi faibha

Chimwe chinhu chakanaka kwazvo chegirazi fiber ndechekuti ine simba rakawanda rekusunga, iro rinogona kusvika 6.9g/d kana rakajairika uye 5.8g/d kana rakanyorova. Hunhu hwakanaka kudaro hunoita kuti girazi fiber riwanikwe kakawanda. Inogona kushandiswa pasi rese sezvinhu zvinosimbisa. Ine huwandu hweA hwe2.54. Girazi fiber haidziviriri kupisa zvakanyanya, uye inochengetedza hunhu hwayo hwenguva dzose pa300°C. Fiberglass dzimwe nguva inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya sechinodzivirira kupisa uye chinhu chinodzivirira, nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwemagetsi hwekudzivirira kupisa uye kutadza kwayo kupwanya ngura zviri nyore.

1.2 Zvinhu zvikuru zvinoshandiswa

Kuumbwa kwegirazi fiber kwakaoma kunzwisisa. Kazhinji, zvikamu zvikuru zvinozivikanwa nemunhu wese i silica, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, boron oxide, aluminium oxide, calcium oxide nezvimwewo. Dhayamita ye monofilament yegirazi fiber inenge 10 microns, iyo yakaenzana ne 1/10 yedhayamita yebvudzi. Bundle rega rega re fibers rinoumbwa nezviuru zve monofilaments. Maitiro ekudhirowa akasiyana zvishoma. Kazhinji, huwandu hwe silica mugirazi fiber hunosvika 50% kusvika 65%. Simba rekudhonza regirazi fibers rine aluminium oxide inodarika 20% rakakwirira, kazhinji fibers dzegirazi dzine simba guru, nepo huwandu hwealuminium oxide mugirazi fibers dzisina alkali hunowanzova 15%. Kana uchida kuti girazi fiber rive ne elastic modulus yakakura, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwe magnesium oxide hwakakura kupfuura 10%. Nekuda kwegirazi fibers ine ferric oxide shoma, kuramba kwayo ngura kwakagadziridzwa kusvika padanho rakasiyana.

1.3 Zvinhu Zvikuru

1.3.1 Zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa uye mashandisirwo azvo

Zvichienzaniswa neshinda dzisina kugadzirwa, hunhu hweshinda dzegirazi hwakanyanya kunaka. Dzakaoma kubatidza, hadzipise, hadzipisi, hadzipisi, hadzina kusimba, uye hadzibati. Asi hadzina kusimba uye hadzina kusimba. Dzinoshandiswa kugadzira mapurasitiki akasimbiswa kana kuti dzinoshandiswa kusimbisa rabha, sezvo girazi rinosimbisa rine hunhu hunotevera:

(1) Simba rayo rekudhonza riri nani pane zvimwe zvinhu, asi kureba kwaro kwakaderera zvikuru.

(2) Elastic coefficient ndiyo yakakodzera zvakanyanya.

(3) Mukati memuganhu we elastic, girazi rinogona kutambanuka kwenguva yakareba uye rinosimba zvakanyanya, saka rinogona kutora simba rakawanda kana rawira.

(4) Sezvo girazi fiber iri inorganic fiber, inorganic fiber ine zvayakanakira zvakawanda, haisi nyore kuipisa uye makemikari ayo akasimba.

(5) Hazvisi nyore kunwisa mvura.

(6) Haidziviriri kupisa uye inogara kwenguva refu, hazvisi nyore kuita chimwe chinhu.

(7) Kugona kwayo kugadzikiswa kwakanaka kwazvo, uye inogona kugadzirwa zvakanaka mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai setambo, machira ekubatanidza, machira ekubatanidza, uye machira akarukwa.

(8) Inogona kutumira chiedza.

(9) Nekuti zvinhu zviri nyore kuwana, mutengo wacho haudhuri.

(10) Pakupisa kwakanyanya, pachinzvimbo chekutsva, inonyunguduka kuita mabhora emvura.

1.4 Kupatsanura

Zvichienderana nematanho akasiyana ekupatsanura, fiber yegirazi inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando dzakasiyana. Zvichienderana nemaumbirwo akasiyana uye kureba, inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando nhatu: fiber dzinoramba dzichienderera mberi, donje refiber uye fibers dzine urefu hwakatarwa. Zvichienderana nezvikamu zvakasiyana, zvakaita sehuwandu hwealkali, inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando nhatu: fiber yegirazi isina alkali, fiber yegirazi yepakati-alkali, uye fiber yegirazi ine alkali yakawanda.

1.5 Kugadzira zvinhu zvakagadzirwa

Mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri chaiko, kuti tigadzire fiber yegirazi, tinoda alumina, jecha re quartz, limestone, pyrophyllite, dolomite, soda ash, mirabilite, boric acid, fluorite, fiber yegirazi yakakuyiwa, nezvimwewo.

1.6 Nzira yekugadzira

Nzira dzekugadzira maindasitiri dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: chekutanga ndechekunyungudutsa magirazi, uye wobva wagadzira zvigadzirwa zvegirazi zvakaita sedenderedzwa kana kuti zvakaumbwa netsvimbo zvine dhayamita diki. Zvadaro, zvinopiswa uye zvinonyungudutswazve nenzira dzakasiyana kuti zvigadzire machira matete ane dhayamita ye3-80 μm. Imwe mhando inonyungudutsawo girazi kutanga, asi inogadzira magirazi panzvimbo pematanda kana mabhora. Muenzaniso wacho wakabva wadhonzwa kuburikidza neplate yeplatinum alloy uchishandisa nzira yekudhirowa yemakanika. Zvinhu zvinobva zvabuda zvinonzi mafiber anoenderera mberi. Kana mafiber akadhonzwa kuburikidza neroller arrangement, zvinhu zvinobva zvabuda zvinonzi discontinuous fibers, inozivikanwawo semafiber egirazi akachekwa kusvika pakureba, uye mafiber estaple.

1.7 Kunyora Magiredhi

Zvichienderana nekusiyana kwemuumbirwo, mashandisirwo uye hunhu hwegirazi, rakakamurwa kuita mhando dzakasiyana. Magirazi akatengeswa pasi rese ndeaya anotevera:

1.7.1 Girazi remagetsi

Igirazi reborate, iro rinonziwo girazi risina alkali muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Nekuda kwezvakanaka zvaro zvakawanda, ndiro rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Pari zvino ndiro rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, kunyangwe richishandiswa zvakanyanya, asi rinewo zvikanganiso zvisingadzivisike. Rinopindirana nyore nyore nemunyu usingashandiswi, saka zvakaoma kuichengeta munzvimbo ine acidic.

Girazi reC 1.7.2

Mukugadzirwa chaiko, inonziwo girazi repakati nepakati realkali, iro rine hunhu hwakagadzikana hwemakemikari uye resistance yakanaka yeacid. Dambudziko raro nderekuti simba remuchina harisi rakakwirira uye mashandiro emagetsi haana kunaka. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzine mwero wakasiyana. Muindasitiri yegirazi remukati, hapana chinhu cheboron mugirazi repakati nepakati realkali. Asi muindasitiri yegirazi rekunze, zvavanogadzira igirazi repakati nepakati rine boron. Hazvisi zvemukati chete zvakasiyana, asiwo basa rinoitwa negirazi repakati nepakati realkali kumba nekune dzimwe nyika rakasiyanawo. Mati epamusoro egirazi refayibha netambo dzegirazi dzinogadzirwa kunze kwenyika dzakagadzirwa negirazi repakati nepakati realkali. Mukugadzirwa, girazi repakati nepakati realkali rinoshandawo muasphalt. Munyika yangu, chikonzero chaicho ndechekuti rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemutengo waro wakaderera, uye rinoshanda kwese kwese muindasitiri yejira rekuputira nefirita.

Tsvimbo yegirazi refiberglass

1.7.3 Girazi faibha Girazi A

Mukugadzirwa, vanhu vanoriti girazi rine alkali yakawanda, iro riri regirazi re sodium silicate, asi nekuda kwekusapinda kwayo mumvura, hariwanzogadzirwa segirazi fiber.

1.7.4 Girazi reFiberglass D

Inonziwo girazi re dielectric uye kazhinji ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira magirazi e dielectric fibers.

1.7.5 Girazi rine faibha yakasimba

Simba rayo rakakwira nehafu yechina kupfuura reE-glass fiber, uye elastic modulus yayo yakakwira kupfuura reE-glass fiber. Nekuda kwezvakanaka zvayo zvakasiyana, inofanira kushandiswa zvakanyanya, asi nekuda kwekudhura kwayo kwakanyanya, parizvino inoshandiswawo mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakosha, dzakadai seindasitiri yemauto, ndege nezvimwewo.

1.7.5 Girazi regirazi reAR fiber

Inonziwo fiber yegirazi inodzivirira alkali, inova fiber isina organic uye inoshandiswa sechinhu chinosimbisa mukongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber yegirazi. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, inogona kutotsiva simbi neasbestos.

1.7.6 Girazi reE-CR refaibha regirazi

Igirazi risina boron uye risina alkali rakavandudzwa. Nekuti kudzivirira kwaro mvura kwakapetwa kagumi pane fiber yegirazi isina alkali, rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvisingapindi mvura. Uyezve, kudzivirira kwaro acid kwakasimbawo, uye rine chinzvimbo chikuru mukugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwemapaipi epasi pevhu. Kuwedzera kune fiber dzegirazi dzakajairika dzataurwa pamusoro apa, masayendisiti ikozvino akagadzira mhando itsva yefiber yegirazi. Nekuti chigadzirwa chisina boron, chinogutsa kutsvaga kwevanhu kuchengetedza nharaunda. Mumakore achangopfuura, kune rumwe rudzi rwefiber yegirazi yakakurumbira, iyo fiber yegirazi ine magirazi maviri. Muzvigadzirwa zvemagirazi zvemazuva ano, tinogona kuona kuvapo kwayo.

1.8 Kuzivikanwa kweshinda dzegirazi

Nzira yekusiyanisa magirazi egirazi iri nyore zvikuru, ndiko kuti, isa magirazi egirazi mumvura, pisa kusvika mvura yafashaira, woichengeta kwemaawa 6-7. Kana ukaona kuti nzira dzekukombama nedzekukweva dzemagirazi hadzisisina kusimba, imhando yemagirazi ealkali akawanda. . Zvichienderana nematanho akasiyana, kune nzira dzakawanda dzekupatsanura magirazi egirazi, ayo anowanzo patsanurwa kubva pamaonero ehurefu nedhayamita, kuumbwa uye mashandiro.

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