Munyika yakakura yemapolymer ekugadzira, izwi rekuti "polyester" riripo kwese kwese. Zvisinei, harisi chinhu chimwe chete asi mhuri yemapolymer ane hunhu hwakasiyana zvikuru. Kune mainjiniya, vagadziri, vagadziri, uye vanofarira DIY, kunzwisisa musiyano mukuru uripo pakatipolyester yakazarauyepolyester isina kugutaZvakakosha. Izvi hazvisi zvedzidzo chete; musiyano uripo pakati pebhodhoro remvura rakasimba, muviri wemotokari yemitambo inoyevedza, jira rinopenya, uye chikepe chakasimba.

Gwaro iri rinotsanangura zvakajeka mhando mbiri idzi dzepolymer. Tichaongorora maumbirwo adzo emakemikari, toongorora hunhu hwadzo, uye tojekesa mashandisirwo adzo akajairika. Pakupedzisira, uchakwanisa kusiyanisa pakati padzo nechivimbo uye kunzwisisa kuti ndechipi chinhu chakakodzera zvaunoda.

Muchidimbu: Musiyano Mukuru

Musiyano mumwe chete unonyanya kukosha uri mumapfupa avo emusana uye kuti vanorapwa sei (vakaomarara kuita chimiro chakasimba chekupedzisira).

·Polyester Isina Kuzara (UPE): Ine reactive double bonds (C=C) mumusana wayo. Kazhinji iresin yemvura inoda reactive monomer (senge styrene) uye catalyst kuti igadzire purasitiki yakasimba, yakabatana, uye inogadzirisa kupisa.Purasitiki Yakasimbiswa neFiberglass (FRP).

·Polyester Yakazara: Haina ma "reactive double bonds" aya; cheni yayo "yakazara" nemaatomu ehydrogen. Kazhinji ipurasitiki yakasimba inopfava kana yapiswa uye inooma kana yatonhodzwa, zvichibvumira kudzokorodza nekuumbazve. Funga nezvemabhodhoro ePET kana mabhodhoro ePET.machira epolyesteryezvipfeko.

Kuvapo kana kusavapo kwezvisungo zviviri zvekabhoni izvi kunotungamira zvese kubva panzira dzekugadzirisa kusvika kuhunhu hwekupedzisira hwezvinhu.

Nyatsopinda muUnsaturated Polyester (UPE)

Mapolyester asina kugutandiwo mashandisirwo eindasitiri ye thermosetting composite. Anogadzirwa kuburikidza ne polycondensation reaction pakati pe diacids (kana maanhydride avo) nema diols. Chinokosha ndechekuti chikamu chema diacids anoshandiswa hachina kuguta, senge maleic anhydride kana fumaric acid, izvo zvinounza critical carbon-carbon double bonds mu polymer chain.

Hunhu Hukuru hweUPE:

·Kuisa Thermosetting:Kana zvangogadziriswa kuburikidza nekubatanidza, zvinova network ye3D isinganyungudike uye isinganyungudike. Hazvigone kunyungudika kana kuumbwa patsva; kupisa kunokonzera kuora, kwete kunyungudika.

·Maitiro Ekugadzirisa:Inoda zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha:

1. Monomer Inoshanda Nesimba: Styrene ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Monomer iyi inoshanda semushonga wekuderedza kusimba kwe resin uye, zvakakosha, inobatanidza ne double bonds dziri mumacheni e polyester panguva yekupisa.
2. Chinhu Chinokonzeresa/Chinotangisa: Kazhinji iperoxide yeorganic (semuenzaniso, MEKP - Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide). Iyi compound inoora kuti igadzire ma free radicals anotanga cross-linking reaction.

·Kusimbisa:Maresini eUPE haawanzo shandiswa ega. Anowanzo simbiswa nezvinhu zvakaita sefiberglass, kabhoni faibha, kana kuti zvicherwa zvinozadza kugadzira zvinhu zvine simba rakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nehuremu.

·Zvinhu:Simba remuchina rakanaka kwazvo, rinodzivirirwa zvakanaka nemakemikari uye mamiriro ekunze (kunyanya nezvinowedzerwa), rinogadzikana zvakanaka pahukuru, uye rinodzivirirwa zvakanyanya pakupisa mushure mekupora. Rinogona kugadzirwa kuti rikwanise zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sekuchinjika, kunonoka moto, kana kuramba ngura zvakanyanya.

Mashandisirwo Akajairika eUPE:

·Indasitiri yeMarine:Matumbu echikepe, madheki, nezvimwe zvinhu.

·Kutakura:Mapaneru emotokari, matekisi emota, uye zvikamu zveRV.

·Kuvaka:Mapaneru ekuvaka, machira edenga, zvinhu zvekuchenesa (matabhu ekugezera, nzvimbo dzekugezera), uye matangi emvura.

·Mapombi nematangi:Kune makemikari anogadzira zvinhu nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwengura.

·Zvinhu zvevatengi:

·Dombo rekugadzira:Macountertop equartz akagadzirwa nemainjiniya.

Pinda Zvakadzika muPolyester Yakaguta

Mapolyester akagutaZvinoumbwa kubva mukusangana kwepolycondensation pakati pe saturated diacids (semuenzaniso, terephthalic acid kana adipic acid) uye saturated diols (semuenzaniso, ethylene glycol). Pasina double bonds mumusana, cheni dzacho dzakatwasuka uye hadzigone kubatana nenzira imwechete.

Hunhu Hukuru hwePolyester Yakaguta:

·Thermoplastic:Zvinonyorovesakamwezvinodziya uye zvinoomesa kana zvatonhora.Maitiro aya anogona kudzokororwa uye anoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakaita sekuumba majekiseni nekubvisa majekiseni, uye zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kudzokororwa.

·Hapana Kudiwa Kwekugadzirisa Kunze:Hazvidi catalyst kana reactive monomer kuti zviome. Zvinoomeswa nekungotonhorera kubva pakunyunguduka.

·Marudzi:Chikamu ichi chinosanganisira mapurasitiki akawanda anozivikanwa einjiniya:

PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate): Iyopamberiinonyanya kuwanikwamutsa, inoshandiswa pakugadzira mafibers uye pakurongedza.

PBT (Polybutylene Terephthalate): Ipurasitiki yakasimba uye yakasimba.

PC (Polycarbonate): Inowanzo unganidzwa nemapolyester nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakafanana, kunyangwe makemikari ayo akasiyana zvishoma (ipolyester yecarbonic acid).

·Zvinhu:Simba rakanaka remakanika, kusimba kwakanyanya uye kuramba kukanganiswa, kuramba makemikari zvakanaka, uye kugona kugadzikiswa zvakanaka.Vanozivikanwawo nehunyanzvi hwavo hwekudzivirira magetsi.

Mashandisirwo Akajairika ePolyester Yakaguta:

·Machira:Chishandiso chimwe chete chikuru.Faibha yepolyesteryembatya, makapeti, uye machira.

·Kurongedza:PET ndiyo inoshandiswa kugadzira mabhodhoro ezvinwiwa, midziyo yezvekudya, uye mafirimu ekurongedza.

·Magetsi neMagetsi:Zvinobatanidza, maswichi, uye mahousing nekuda kwekudzivirira kwakanaka uye kusapisa (semuenzaniso, PBT).

·Motokari:Zvinhu zvakaita semibato yemagonhi, mabumper, uye magumbeze emwenje.

·Zvinhu zvevatengi:

·Midziyo Yekurapa:Mamwe marudzi ekurongedza nezvinhu zviri mukati.

Tafura Yekuenzanisa Yemusoro Nemusoro

Nei Musiyano Uchikosha Kune Maindasitiri Nevatengi

Kusarudza mhando isiriyo yepolyester kunogona kukonzera kutadza kwechigadzirwa, kuwedzera kwemitengo, uye matambudziko ekuchengetedza.

Kune Mainjiniya Wekugadzira:Kana uchida chikamu chikuru, chakasimba, chakareruka, uye chinodzivirira kupisa senge chikepe, unofanirwa kusarudza thermosetting UPE composite. Kugona kwayo kuiswa nemaoko muforoma uye kugadziriswa patembiricha yemukamuri ibhenefiti huru yezvinhu zvikuru. Kana uchida mamiriyoni ezvikamu zvakafanana, zvakanyatsonaka, zvinogona kudzokororwazve senge zvinobatanidza magetsi, thermoplastic yakaita sePBT ndiyo sarudzo yakajeka yekuumba majekiseni ane huwandu hwakawanda.

·Kune Maneja weKuchengetedza Zvigariro:Kugona kudzokororwa kwemapolyester akazara(kunyanya PET) mukana mukuru. Mabhodhoro ePET anogona kuunganidzwa zvakanaka uye kudzokororwa mumabhodhoro matsva kana fibers (rPET). UPE, se thermoset, inozivikanwa nekuoma kudzokororwa. Zvigadzirwa zveUPE zvinopera nguva dzose zvinowanzoguma zvaiswa mumarara kana kuti zvinofanirwa kupiswa, kunyangwe nzira dzekukuya nekushandisa (dzekushandisa sefiller) uye nzira dzekushandisazve makemikari dziri kutanga.

·Kune Mutengi:Kana uchitenga hembe yepolyester, unenge uchitaurirana nepolyester yakazaraPaunopinda mukamuri rekugezera refiberglass, unenge uchibata chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa kubvapolyester isina kugutaKunzwisisa musiyano uyu kunotsanangura kuti sei bhodhoro rako remvura richigona kunyungudutswa uye kudzokororwazve, nepo kayak yako isingakwanise.

Remangwana remaPolyster: Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva uye Kugara Nguva Yakareba

Kushanduka kwezvinhu zvose zvakazara uyemapolyester asina kugutainoenderera mberi nekukurumidza.

·Zvinhu zvehupenyu:Tsvagiridzo yakatarisana nekugadzira maUPE nemapolyester akaguta kubva muzvinhu zvinogona kushandiswazve zvakaita semaglycols nemaacids ezvirimwa kuderedza kuvimba nemafuta efossil.

·Matekinoroji Ekugadzirisa Zvinhu:Kune UPE, basa guru riri kuitwa mukugadzira nzira dzinoshanda dzekugadzirisazve makemikari kuti vapome mapolymer akabatana kuita mamonomer anogona kushandiswazve. Kune mapolyester akaguta, kufambira mberi mukugadzirisazve makemikari nemakemikari kuri kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka uye mhando yezvinhu zvakadzokororwa.

·Makompositi Epamusoro:Mafomula eUPE ari kugara achivandudzwa kuti agadzirise moto zviri nani, arambe achidzivirira UV, uye kuti asashandise michina zvakanyanya kuti asvike padanho repamusoro reindasitiri.

·Thermoplastics Inoshanda Zvakanyanya:Mhando itsva dzemapolyester akaguta uye maco-polyester ari kugadzirwa nekuwedzera kusapisa, kujeka, uye hunhu hwekudzivirira hunoshandiswa pakurongedza nekugadzira zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro.

Mhedziso: Mhuri mbiri, Zita rimwe chete

Kunyange zvazvo vaine zita rimwe chete, mapolyester akaguta uye asina kuguta imhuri dzakasiyana dzinoshanda munyika dzakasiyana.Polyester isina kuguta (UPE)ndiyo shasha yekupisa zvinhu zvine simba guru, zvisingaparadzi ngura, zvichiumba musimboti wemaindasitiri kubva kugungwa kusvika kukuvaka. Polyester yakaguta ndiyo inochinjika zvikuru mupurasitiki yekurongedza nemachira, inokosheswa nekuda kwekusimba kwayo, kujeka, uye kugona kudzokorodza.

Musiyano wacho unobva pane chimwe chinhu chiri nyore chemakemikari—carbon double bond—asi zvazvinoreva pakugadzira, kushandisa, uye kuguma kwehupenyu zvakakura. Nekunzwisisa musiyano uyu wakakosha, vagadziri vanogona kusarudza zvinhu zvine hungwaru, uye vatengi vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani nyika yakaoma yemapolymers inoumba hupenyu hwedu hwemazuva ano.

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