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Composite zvinhu zvese zvakasanganiswa nekusimbisa fiber uye chinhu chepurasitiki. Basa resin mune zvakasanganiswa zvinhu zvakakosha. Sarudzo yeresin inotaridza akateedzana maitiro emaitiro maparamendi, mamwe emakanika zvivakwa uye kushanda (kupisa zvimiro, kupisa, Kupokana kwemamiriro ekunze, nezvimwewo), resin zvivakwa zvakare chinhu chakakosha mukunzwisisa ma mechanic zvimiro zvezvakaumbwa zvinhu. Kana iyo resin yasarudzwa, hwindo rinotarisa huwandu hwemaitiro uye zvivakwa zveiyo composite inotemwa yega. Thermosetting resin inowanzoshandiswa resin mhando ye resin matrix composite nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kugadzira. Thermoset resins anenge ari ega emvura kana semi-yakasimba pane yekamuri tembiricha, uye nekufungidzira iwo akafanana nemamonomers anoumba thermoplastic resin pane thermoplastic resin mune yekupedzisira mamiriro. Isati yaporeswa thermosetting resins, inogona kugadziriswa kuita akasiyana maumbirwo, asi kana yangoporeswa uchishandisa kurapa, ekutanga kana kupisa, haigone kuumbwa zvakare nekuti kemikari zvisungo zvinoumbwa panguva yekurapa, zvichiita madiki mamorekuru anoshandurwa kuita matatu-dimensional cross-linked. mapolymer akaomarara ane huremu hwepamusoro hwemamorekuru.

Kune akawanda marudzi e thermosetting resins, anowanzoshandiswa phenolic resins,epoxy resins, bis-horse resins, vinyl resins, phenolic resins, nezvimwewo.

(1) Phenolic resin ndeyekutanga thermosetting resin ine yakanaka adhesion, yakanaka yekudzivirira kupisa uye dielectric zvimiro mushure mekurapa, uye maficha ayo akatanhamara akanakisa murazvo retardant zvivakwa, yakaderera kupisa kuburitsa, kuderera kwehutsi density, uye kupisa. Iyo gasi inoburitswa haina chepfu shoma. Iyo processability yakanaka, uye iyo inoumbwa zvinhu zvinoumba zvinogona kugadzirwa nekuumba, mhepo, kuisa ruoko, kupfapfaidza, uye pultrusion maitiro. Huwandu hukuru hwe phenolic resin-based composite zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukati mekushongedza zvemukati zvevagari ndege.

(2)Epoxy resinndiyo yekutanga resin matrix inoshandiswa muzvivakwa zvendege. Inoratidzwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvinhu. Akasiyana ekurapa maajenti uye accelerator anogona kuwana kurapa tembiricha kubva mukamuri tembiricha kusvika 180 ℃; ine yakakwirira mechanical properties; Yakanaka fiber inoenderana mhando; kupisa uye humidity kuramba; kuomarara kwakanyanya; yakanakisa manufacturability (yakanaka kufukidzwa, ine mwero resin viscosity, yakanaka fluidity, yakamanikidzwa bandwidth, nezvimwewo); yakakodzera kune yakazara-co-curing molding yezvikamu zvakakura; cheap. Iyo yakanaka yekuumba maitiro uye kusimba kwakasimba kwe epoxy resin inoita kuti itore chinzvimbo chakakosha mune resin matrix ye advanced composite zvinhu.

(3)Vinyl resininozivikanwa seimwe yeakanakisa corrosion-resisins resins. Inogona kumira yakawanda acids, alkalis, munyu mhinduro uye yakasimba solvent media. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira mapepa, indasitiri yemakemikari, zvemagetsi, peturu, kuchengetedza uye kutakura, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, ngarava, Automotive Lighting Indasitiri. Iyo ine hunhu hweunsaturated polyester uye epoxy resin, zvekuti ine zvese zvakanakisa mechanical epoxy resin uye yakanaka process performance yeunsaturated polyester. Kuwedzera kune yakasarudzika corrosion kuramba, iyi mhando yeresin zvakare ine yakanaka kupisa kupisa. Inosanganisira yakajairika mhando, yakakwira tembiricha mhando, murazvo unodzoreredza mhando, maitiro ekupikisa mhando uye mamwe marudzi. Iko kushandiswa kwevinyl resin mufiber reinforced plastic (FRP) kunonyanya kuenderana nekugadzika kwemaoko, kunyanya mukurwisa-corrosion application. Nekuvandudzwa kweSMC, kushandiswa kwayo mune izvi kunoonekwa zvakare.

(4)Modified bismaleimide resin (inonzi bismaleimide resin) inogadzirwa kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvemajeti ehondo matsva ecomposite resin matrix. Izvi zvinodikanwa zvinosanganisira: zvikamu zvakakura uye zvinyorwa zvakaoma pa 130 ℃ Kugadzirwa kwezvikamu, etc. Kuenzaniswa ne epoxy resin, Shuangma resin inonyanya kuratidzirwa nehunyoro hwepamusoro uye kupisa kupisa uye kupisa kwepamusoro kwekushanda; chakashata ndechekuti manufacturability haina kunaka senge epoxy resin, uye tembiricha yekurapa yakakwira (kuporesa pamusoro pe185 ℃), uye inoda tembiricha ye200 ℃. Kana kwenguva yakareba pane tembiricha inopfuura 200 ℃.
(5) Cyanide (qing diacoustic) ester resin ine yakaderera dielectric kugara (2.8 ~ 3.2) uye yakanyanya kudiki dielectric kurasikirwa tangent (0.002 ~ 0.008), yakakwirira girazi shanduko tembiricha (240 ~ 290 ℃), yakaderera shrinkage, yakaderera mwando kunyura, yakanaka kwazvo mechanical zvivakwa uye bonding zvivakwa, nezvimwewo, uye ine yakafanana yekugadzirisa tekinoroji kune epoxy resin.
Parizvino, cyanate resins inonyanya kushandiswa muzvikamu zvitatu: akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi epamusoro-kumhanya digitaalinen uye yakakwirira-frequency, yakakwirira-inoshanda wave-transmitting zvimiro zvekugadzira uye yakakwirira-inoshanda structural composite zvinhu zveaerospace.

Kuzvitaura zviri nyore, epoxy resin, kushanda kwe epoxy resin hakungobatanidzi chete nemamiriro ekugadzirisa, asiwo kunyanya kunoenderana nekugadzirwa kwema molecular. Iro glycidyl boka mu epoxy resin chikamu chinoshanduka, chinogona kuderedza viscosity ye resin uye kuvandudza kushanda kwemaitiro, asi panguva imwechete kuderedza kupisa kwekushisa kwe resin yakarapwa. Nzira huru dzekuvandudza kupisa uye mechanical zvimiro zveakaporeswa epoxy resins akaderera mamorekuru uremu uye multifunctionalization kuwedzera crosslink density uye kuunza dzakaomarara zvimiro. Zvechokwadi, kuiswa kwechimiro chakasimba kunokonzera kuderera kwekunyungudika uye kuwedzera kwe viscosity, izvo zvinotungamirira kuderera kwe epoxy resin process performance. Maitiro ekuvandudza tembiricha kuramba epoxy resin system chinhu chakakosha. Kubva pakuona kwe resin uye mumiririri wekurapa, iyo yakawanda inoshanda mapoka, iyo yakakura iyo crosslinking density. Iyo yakakwirira Tg. Kunyanya kushanda: Shandisa multifunctional epoxy resin kana kurapa mumiririri, shandisa yakakwirira-kuchena epoxy resin. Iyo inowanzoshandiswa nzira ndeyekuwedzera imwe chikamu cheo-methyl acetaldehyde epoxy resin mune yekurapa system, ine mhedzisiro yakanaka uye yakaderera mutengo. Iyo yakakura yeavhareji uremu hwemamorekuru, iyo inotetepa iyo molecular uremu kugovera, uye yakakwirira iyo Tg. Kushanda chaiko: Shandisa multifunctional epoxy resin kana kurapa mumiririri kana dzimwe nzira dzine yunifomu yemamorekuru kugovera huremu.

Seyepamusoro-inoshanda resin matrix inoshandiswa seyakaumbwa matrix, zvimiro zvayo zvakasiyana, senge processability, thermophysical properties uye mechanical properties, inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa zvinoshanda. Resin matrix manufacturability inosanganisira kunyungudika mune zvinonyungudutsa, kunyunguduka viscosity (fluidity) uye viscosity shanduko, uye gel nguva inoshanduka netembiricha (process hwindo). Kuumbwa kweresin kuumbwa uye kusarudzwa kwekuita tembiricha inosarudza kemikari reaction kinetics (cure rate), kemikari rheological properties (viscosity-temperature maringe nenguva), uye chemical reaction thermodynamics (exothermic). Maitiro akasiyana ane zvakasiyana zvinodiwa kune resin viscosity. Kazhinji kutaura, pakuita mhepo, iyo resin viscosity inowanzotenderedza 500cPs; ye pultrusion process, iyo resin viscosity yakatenderedza 800 ~ 1200cPs; yevacuum sumo process, iyo resin viscosity inowanzotenderedza 300cPs, uye iyo RTM maitiro inogona kunge yakakwira, asi Kazhinji, haingapfuuri 800cPs; kune prepreg process, viscosity inodiwa kuti ive yakakwira, kazhinji kutenderera 30000 ~ 50000cPs. Ehe, izvi zvinodikanwa zveviscosity zvine chekuita nemaitiro eiyo maitiro, zvishandiso uye zvigadzirwa pachazvo, uye hazvina kumira. Kazhinji kutaura, sezvo tembiricha inowedzera, viscosity ye resin inoderera mune yakaderera tembiricha renji; zvisinei, sezvo tembiricha iri kuwedzera, maitiro ekurapa resin anoendererawo, kutaura kinetically, tembiricha Yekuita nhanho inopetwa kaviri kune yega yega 10 ℃ kuwedzera, uye kufungidzira uku kuchiri kubatsira pakufungidzira kana viscosity yereactive resin system inowedzera kusvika imwe yakakosha viscosity point. Semuenzaniso, zvinotora maminetsi makumi mashanu kune resin system ine viscosity ye200cPs pa100 ℃ kuti iwedzere viscosity yayo kusvika 1000cPs, zvino nguva inodiwa kune imwechete resin system kuwedzera viscosity yayo yekutanga kubva isingasviki 200cPs kusvika 1000cPs pa110 ℃. anenge maminitsi makumi maviri nemashanu. Kusarudzwa kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa kunofanirwa kunyatsofunga nezve viscosity uye gel nguva. Semuenzaniso, mune yevacuum yekusuma maitiro, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti viscosity patembiricha yekushanda iri mukati meiyo viscosity renji inodiwa nekuita, uye hupenyu hwehari yeresin pakupisa uku hunofanira kunge hwakareba kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti resin. inogona kutengwa kunze kwenyika. Kupfupisa, kusarudzwa kwemhando ye resin mukuita jekiseni kunofanirwa kufunga nezve gel point, nguva yekuzadza uye tembiricha yechinhu. Mamwe maitiro ane mamiriro akafanana.

Mukuita kuumbwa, saizi uye chimiro chechikamu (mold), rudzi rwekusimbisa, uye maparamendi ekuita anotarisisa mwero wekupisa kupisa uye maitiro ekutamisa maitiro. Resin inorapa kupisa kunopisa, kunogadzirwa nekuumbwa kwemakemikari bond. Iyo yakawanda makemikari mabhondi akaumbwa pachiyero cheyuniti panguva yeyuniti, iyo yakawanda simba inoburitswa. Iwo kupisa kwekutamisa coefficients ye resin uye mapolymers avo anowanzo kuderera. Chiyero chekubvisa kupisa panguva yepolymerization haigone kuenderana nechiyero chekupisa chizvarwa. Uku kuwanda kwehuwandu hwekupisa hunoita kuti kuita kwemakemikari kuenderere mberi nekukurumidza, zvichikonzera kuwanda Izvi zvekuzvikurumidzira kuita zvinozopedzisira zvatungamira mukutadza kushushikana kana kuderera kwechikamu. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mukugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvakakura-ukobvu zvinosanganiswa, uye zvinonyanya kukosha kukwenenzvera nzira yekurapa. Dambudziko remunharaunda "temperature overshoot" inokonzerwa nehupamhi hwepamusoro hwe prepreg kurapa, uye mutsauko wenyika (senge tembiricha musiyano) pakati pepasi rose process hwindo uye yemuno maitiro hwindo zvese zvinokonzerwa nekudzora maitiro ekurapa. Iyo "tembiricha yakafanana" muchikamu (kunyanya mukukora kwechikamu chechikamu), kuwana "tembiricha kufanana" zvinoenderana nehurongwa (kana mashandisirwo) eimwe "yuniti tekinoroji" mu "manufacturing system". Kune zvikamu zvakaonda, sezvo huwandu hwakawanda hwekupisa huchaputirwa munharaunda, kutonhora kunokwira zvinyoro, uye dzimwe nguva chikamu hachizoporeswi zvakakwana. Panguva ino, kupisa kwekubatsira kunoda kuiswa kuti kupedze iyo cross-linking reaction, kureva, kuramba kuchipisa.

Iyo composite zvinhu isiri-autoclave yekugadzira tekinoroji inoenderana neyechinyakare autoclave yekugadzira tekinoroji. Kutaura zvakanyanya, chero nzira yekugadzira zvinhu inoumbwa isingashandise autoclave midziyo inogona kunzi isiri-autoclave yekugadzira tekinoroji. . Kusvika pari zvino, kushandiswa kwete-autoclave molding tekinoroji mumunda wemuchadenga kunyanya kunosanganisira nzira dzinotevera: kwete-autoclave prepreg tekinoroji, tekinoroji yekuumba mvura, prepreg compression molding tekinoroji, microwave kurapa tekinoroji, erekitironi danda kurapa tekinoroji, Balanced pressure fluid kugadzira tekinoroji. . Pakati peaya matekinoroji, OoA (Outof Autoclave) prepreg tekinoroji iri padhuze neyakajairwa autoclave yekugadzira maitiro, uye ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwemanyorero ekuisa uye otomatiki ekuisa masisitimu maitiro, saka inotaridzirwa sejira risiri rakarukwa rinogona kuitika. pamwero mukuru. Autoclave kugadzira tekinoroji. Chikonzero chakakosha chekushandisa autoclave yeakakwira-inoshanda composite zvikamu kupa kumanikidza kwakaringana kune prepreg, yakakura kupfuura mhute yekumanikidza chero gasi panguva yekurapa, kuvharidzira kuumbwa kwemapores, uye iyi ndiyo OoA prepreg Iyo yekutanga kuoma iyo tekinoroji. inoda kupaza. Kunyangwe iyo porosity yechikamu inogona kudzorwa pasi pekumanikidza kwevacuum uye kuita kwayo kunogona kusvika pakuita kwe autoclave yakarapwa laminate chinhu chakakosha chekuongorora kunaka kweOOA prepreg uye maitiro ayo ekuumba.

Iko kuvandudzwa kweOOA prepreg tekinoroji yakatanga kubva mukugadzirwa kweresin. Pane zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemashizha eOoA prepregs: imwe ndeyekudzora porosity yezvikamu zvakaumbwa, zvakadai sekushandisa kuwedzera maitiro-akaporeswa resins kuderedza kuputika mukugadzirisa kuporesa; chechipiri ndechekuvandudza kushanda kwemasikisi akaporeswa Kuti awane zvigadziriswe zvinogadzirwa ne autoclave process, kusanganisira thermal properties uye mechanical properties; chechitatu ndechekuona kuti prepreg ine yakanaka manufacturability, sekuona kuti resin inogona kuyerera pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemhepo yemhepo, kuve nechokwadi kuti ine hupenyu hurefu hwekuona uye Kukwana kwekamuri tembiricha kunze kwenguva, nezvimwewo. tsvakiridzo yezvinhu uye kusimudzira zvinoenderana nezvakada dhizaini zvinodiwa uye nzira dzekuita. Mirayiridzo mikuru inofanira kusanganisira: kuvandudza zvinhu zvemuchina, kuwedzera nguva yekunze, kuderedza kupisa kwekuporesa, nekuvandudza hunyoro uye kudzivirira kupisa. Kumwe kwekuvandudzwa kwekuita uku kunopokana. , senge kusimba kwakanyanya uye kuderera kwekushisa kurapa. Iwe unofanirwa kuwana chiyero chepakati uye funga nezvacho zvakakwana!

Pamusoro pekuvandudza resin, nzira yekugadzira ye prepreg inosimudzirawo kuvandudza kwekushandisa kweOoA prepreg. Chidzidzo ichi chakawana kukosha kwe prepreg vacuum nzira dzekugadzira zero-porosity laminates. Zvidzidzo zvakazotevera zvakaratidza kuti semi-impregnated prepregs inogona kunyatso kuvandudza gasi permeability. OoA prepregs ari semi-impregnated neresin, uye mafibhi akaoma anoshandiswa senzira dzekupedza gasi. Iwo magasi uye mavhiriki anosanganisirwa mukuporeswa kwechikamu anogona kuve Exhaust kuburikidza nematanho zvekuti porosity yechikamu chekupedzisira ndeye <1%.
Iyo vacuum bagging process ndeyeiyo isiri-autoclave yekugadzira (OoA) maitiro. Muchidimbu, inzira yekuumba inosimbisa chigadzirwa pakati pe mold uye vacuum bhegi, uye inodzvanya chigadzirwa nekutsvaira kuti chigadzirwa chiwedzere compact uye zvirinani zvemichina. Iyo huru yekugadzira nzira ndeye

Kutanga, mumiriri wekusunungura kana jira rekusunungura rinoiswa kune layup mold (kana girazi sheet). Iyo prepreg inoongororwa zvichienderana nechiyero che prepreg inoshandiswa, kunyanya kusanganisira iyo yepamusoro density, resin zvirimo, volatile nyaya uye rumwe ruzivo rwe prepreg. Cheka prepreg kusvika saizi. Paunenge uchicheka, teerera kune kutungamirirwa kwefibers. Kazhinji, kutsauka kwekutungamira kwefibers kunodiwa kuve isingasviki 1 °. Nhamba imwe neimwe isina chinhu uye nyora nhamba yeprepreg. Paunenge uchiisa zvidimbu, zvidimbu zvinofanirwa kuiswa zvakanyatsoenderana nehurongwa hwekuisa-up hunodiwa papepa rekodhi rekodhi, uye firimu rePE kana bepa rekuburitsa rinofanira kubatanidzwa parutivi rwemafibhi, uye mabhubhu emhepo anofanira. dzidzingirwe nenzira yemafibhi. Iyo scraper inoparadzira prepreg uye inoibvisa kunze zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kubvisa mhepo pakati pezvikamu. Paunenge uchiisa kumusoro, dzimwe nguva zvinodikanwa kubatanidza prepregs, iyo inofanirwa kupatsanurwa padivi pefiber direction. Mukuita kwekubatanidza, kupindirana uye kushoma kupindirana kunofanirwa kuwanikwa, uye splicing seams yeimwe neimwe layer inofanira kudzika. Kazhinji, iyo splicing gap ye unidirectional prepreg ndeiyi inotevera. 1mm; iyo yakarukwa prepreg inongotenderwa kupindirana, kwete kupatsanura, uye hupamhi hwepamusoro ndeye 10 ~ 15mm. Tevere, teerera kune vacuum pre-compaction, uye ukobvu hwepre-pombi hunosiyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana. Chinangwa ndechekuburitsa mhepo yakavharirwa mukugadzika uye kuvhuvhuta mu prepreg kuve nechokwadi chemukati mhando yechikamu. Ipapo kune kuiswa kwezvishandiso zvekubatsira uye vacuum bagging. Kuisa chisimbiso chebhegi uye kurapa: Chinodiwa chekupedzisira kusakwanisa kuburitsa mweya. Ongorora: Nzvimbo iyo inowanzobuda mhepo ijoinhi yekusimbisa.

Isu tinogadzirawofiberglass yakananga roving,fiberglass mats, fiberglass mesh, uyefiberglass yakarukwa roving.

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